{"id":5639,"date":"2023-09-05T05:25:34","date_gmt":"2023-09-05T05:25:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/?page_id=5639"},"modified":"2025-03-21T16:46:04","modified_gmt":"2025-03-21T16:46:04","slug":"building-water-bunds-a-step-by-step-guide-to-restoring-semi-arid-land","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/index.php\/building-water-bunds-a-step-by-step-guide-to-restoring-semi-arid-land\/","title":{"rendered":"Building Water Bunds: A Step-by-Step Guide to Restoring Semi-Arid Land"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"5639\" class=\"elementor elementor-5639\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c316766 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c316766\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ff4ad7e\" data-id=\"ff4ad7e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-062de73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"062de73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong>Building Water Bunds: A Step-by-Step Guide to Restoring Semi-Arid Land<\/strong><\/h2><h3><em>Empowering Local Communities to Combat Desertification<\/em><\/h3><h3><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/h3><p>In the battle against desertification and the restoration of semi-arid land, water bunds play a crucial role. These raised barriers are simple to construct and highly effective in preventing erosion and retaining water for vegetation.<\/p><p>This step-by-step guide is designed to empower local communities in semi-arid areas with the knowledge to build water bunds effectively.<\/p><p><strong>Materials You Will Need<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Shovels or spades<\/li><li>Ropes and stakes (for marking contour lines)<\/li><li>Measuring tape<\/li><li>Wheelbarrows (optional)<\/li><li>Soil (to build the bunds)<\/li><li>Gravel or rocks (optional, for added stability)<\/li><li>Seeds or seedlings (for planting)<\/li><\/ul><p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5642\" src=\"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/shovel-rake-dirt-1867123-1-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"shovel, rake, dirt-1867123.jpg\" width=\"524\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/shovel-rake-dirt-1867123-1-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/shovel-rake-dirt-1867123-1-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/shovel-rake-dirt-1867123-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/shovel-rake-dirt-1867123-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/shovel-rake-dirt-1867123-1.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 524px) 100vw, 524px\" \/><\/p><h4><strong>Step 1: Determine the Contour Lines<\/strong><\/h4><h5><em>Setting the Stage for Bund Construction<\/em><\/h5><ol><li><p>Identify the contour lines of the landscape where you plan to build the bunds. Contour lines are the natural curves that run horizontally across the terrain.<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5643\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\" src=\"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Countour.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"524\" srcset=\"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Countour.png 461w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Countour-300x197.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p><\/li><li><p>Use ropes and stakes to mark these contour lines, ensuring they follow the natural slope of the land. This step is crucial for effective water retention and preventing erosion.<br \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5644\" src=\"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Contour_line_mark.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"932\" height=\"389\" \/><\/p><\/li><\/ol><h4><strong>Step 2: Mark and Design the Bunds<\/strong><\/h4><h5><em>\u00a0Shaping the Crescent Barrier<\/em><\/h5><ol><li>Determine the width and height of the bunds. A typical bund is about 2.5 meters long and 5 meters wide, roughly the size of an adult elephant.<\/li><li>Mark the location of the bunds along the contour lines, ensuring they follow the curve of the landscape.<\/li><li>Design the bunds in a crescent shape, with the &#8220;closed&#8221; side facing downhill. This design captures and delays water runoff.<br \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5651\" src=\"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Onyango-2-33165f21.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2400\" height=\"1600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Onyango-2-33165f21.jpeg 2400w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Onyango-2-33165f21-600x400.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Onyango-2-33165f21-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Onyango-2-33165f21-1024x683.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Onyango-2-33165f21-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Onyango-2-33165f21-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Onyango-2-33165f21-2048x1365.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px\" \/><i style=\"font-weight: inherit;\">Photo Credit: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tonywild.co.ke\/bringing-grass-back\/\">Tony Wild<\/a>\u00a0<\/i><\/li><\/ol><h4><strong>Step 3: Begin Digging the Bunds<\/strong><\/h4><h5><em>Creating Earth Smiles<\/em><\/h5><ol><li>Start digging the bunds along the marked lines. The depth and width of the bunds can vary depending on the terrain, but a typical depth is about 30-50 centimeters.<\/li><li>Place the excavated soil on the inner side of the bund to create the raised barrier.<\/li><li>For added stability, consider adding gravel or rocks to the base and sides of the bunds.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5650 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/bunds-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/bunds-3.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/bunds-3-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/bunds-3-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/bunds-3-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/bunds-3-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/bunds-3-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><em style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Women prepare half-moon bunds in readiness for the coming rains in Olorika, Kajiado County. Photo Credit: Leon Lidigu\u00a0<\/em><\/li><\/ol><h4><strong>Step 4: Verify Contour Alignment<\/strong><\/h4><h5><em>Ensuring Proper Water Flow<\/em><\/h5><ol><li>As you dig, regularly check the alignment of the bunds with the contour lines to maintain their effectiveness.<br \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5646\" src=\"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG-20230328-WA0020.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG-20230328-WA0020.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG-20230328-WA0020-600x270.jpg 600w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG-20230328-WA0020-300x135.jpg 300w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG-20230328-WA0020-1024x461.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/IMG-20230328-WA0020-768x346.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><br \/><i>PlantVillage field officers marking on the ground before digging a soil bund. Photo credit Evans Kangiro.<\/i><\/li><\/ol><h4><strong>Step 5: Plant Vegetation<\/strong><\/h4><h5>Nurturing New Life<\/h5><ol><li><p>Once the bunds are in place, it&#8217;s time to plant seeds or seedlings in the exposed soil inside the bunds. This will help jumpstart vegetation growth.<br \/><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5652 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Onyango-6-9bb6bea9-1024x683.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Onyango-6-9bb6bea9-1024x683.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Onyango-6-9bb6bea9-600x400.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Onyango-6-9bb6bea9-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Onyango-6-9bb6bea9-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Onyango-6-9bb6bea9-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Onyango-6-9bb6bea9-2048x1365.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><br \/><i>Photo Credit: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tonywild.co.ke\/bringing-grass-back\/\">Tony Wild<\/a><\/i><\/em><\/p><\/li><li><p>Choose drought-resistant and native plant species that are well-suited to the local climate.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Ensure adequate spacing between plantings to allow for healthy growth.<br \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5647\" src=\"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Andropogon-grass-on-contour-bunds.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1400\" height=\"805\" srcset=\"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Andropogon-grass-on-contour-bunds.jpg 1400w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Andropogon-grass-on-contour-bunds-600x345.jpg 600w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Andropogon-grass-on-contour-bunds-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Andropogon-grass-on-contour-bunds-1024x589.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Andropogon-grass-on-contour-bunds-768x442.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\" \/><br \/><em>Credit: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icrisat.org\/\">ICRISAT<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/li><\/ol><h4><strong>Step 6: Maintenance and Monitoring<\/strong><\/h4><h5><em>Caring for the Bunds<\/em><\/h5><ol><li>Regularly inspect the bunds for signs of erosion, damage, or sediment buildup. Repair any issues promptly.<\/li><li><p>Keep an eye on the planted vegetation, providing necessary care such as watering and weeding.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5649\" src=\"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/bunds.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/bunds.jpg 650w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/bunds-600x323.jpg 600w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/bunds-300x162.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><br \/><em>Credit:https:\/\/www.waterproductivity.org\/<\/em><\/p><\/li><\/ol><h4><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h4><p>By following these step-by-step instructions, local communities in semi-arid areas can harness the power of water bunds to combat desertification and restore their land. These earth smiles are not just barriers; they are symbols of hope and resilience, turning arid landscapes into fertile ground for a greener, more sustainable future.<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-5631 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Bund_regreening.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Bund_regreening.jpeg 800w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Bund_regreening-600x338.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Bund_regreening-300x169.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Bund_regreening-768x432.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><br \/>Image credit: Justdiggit<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4bd3db0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4bd3db0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-77450dc\" data-id=\"77450dc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1699b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f1699b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Video of End To End Project<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fc68c63 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fc68c63\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2fcc38b\" data-id=\"2fcc38b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ef68a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"6ef68a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;hosted&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-hosted-video elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<video class=\"elementor-video\" src=\"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/restoring_semi_arid_lands_using_bunds_AAF.mp4\" controls=\"\" preload=\"metadata\" controlsList=\"nodownload\"><\/video>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ec88656 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ec88656\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7099450\" data-id=\"7099450\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-602aeaa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"602aeaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Video Credit: Justdiggit<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-78176f3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"78176f3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2e476c3\" data-id=\"2e476c3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Building Water Bunds: A Step-by-Step Guide to Restoring Semi-Arid Land Empowering Local Communities to Combat Desertification Introduction In the battle against desertification and the restoration of semi-arid land, water bunds play a crucial role. These raised barriers are simple to construct and highly effective in preventing erosion and retaining water for vegetation. This step-by-step guide [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5639","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"campaignId":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5639","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5639"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5639\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8252,"href":"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5639\/revisions\/8252"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/amshaafrica.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5639"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}